The mood has brightened somewhat today as a number of climate finance announcements raised hopes that positive forward momentum on this pivotal issue could create the conditions necessary to unlock progress on other issues at COP.

• The UK announced the introduction of "climate resilient debt clauses" by its export credit agency, which will pause debt payments for two years if a nation is hit by a climate disaster, freeing up funds to deal with the emergency.
• France became the first developed country to support the Bridgetown Agenda led by the Barbados PM, Mia Mottley, for major reform to the World Bank, IMF and other multilateral development banks (MDBs) to focus on delivering climate finance.
• John Kerry, the U.S.s-s-s-doundation-anvote-new-public-effort-to-unlock-finance-accerate-the-Energy-teThe initiative is focused on generating private sector funding through voluntary carbon credits to deliver investment in renewable energy in support of the energy transition in developing countries that often struggle to secure project funding.

Other Developments:

• The Barbados PM called for a global 10% tax on fossil fuel profits to fund loss and damage.
• Xie Zhenhua, China's envoy, announced that Beijing and Washington are having ‘informal talks', but called on Washington to clear the way for formal talks, commenting, "This is not a bilateral issue.威胁地球因为我们是世界上两个最大经济体,而我们是世界上两个最大排放者。” Xie还 //www.ludikid.com/2019/11/south-africa-prepares-for-a-battery-energy-storage-system-tender/ 朱莉斯高特和里多方塔纳 Mon,042019年11月16:31:21+00 非洲 电池回收 净零能 电池组 世界银行 //www.ludikid.com/?p=7136 skom南非100%国有电商将启动1.4千兆瓦时电池能源存储系统招标标书可能在第一或第二季度发布Continue Reading… skom南非100%国有电商将启动1.4千兆瓦电池能存储系统招标标书很可能在2020年第一或第二季度发布,等待政府最后批准竣工BESS日容量为1.4千兆瓦时能量输出BESS是南非实现长期可再生能源目标的关键构件它将与太阳能和风能生成厂连通,以便能够存储低生成成本和需求期间生成的能源,供高成本和需求期间分配使用。这一方案应提高可再生能源生成的成本效益。

  项目供资是世界银行10亿美元电池存储投资方案的一部分项目第一阶段期间,非洲开发银行将与世界银行合作提供贷款。第二阶段期间,欧洲DFIs将提供更多资金。

  Eskom开发BES规范、获取网站和项目第一阶段安全环境调控批准,到2020年12月应实现200兆瓦分布式电池存储第二阶段将包括160兆瓦分布式电池存储系统以及资产性能管理系统项目第二阶段一年后完成 。

  标书覆盖BESS的建设、运营和管理以及为操作点提供安全Eskom期望中标者验证Eskom技术研究并提供电池厂详细设计。此外,Eskom期望中标者满足雄心工程最后期限,管理项目生成的危险材料并提供20年产品和性能保证。最后,标书期望第一阶段采购至少20%本地内容需求,包括分包给本地供应商和本地工人技能开发程序。

  //www.ludikid.com/2015/05/global-infrastructure-investment-getting-investors-off-the-sidelines/ Covington和BurlingLLP Wed, 2015年5月6日 18:37:20+00 非分类化 亚洲基础设施投资银行 G20 全球基础设施设施 世界银行 //www.ludikid.com/?p=1830 p对齐=印度电量短缺centercenter###p>非洲交通成本,美国基础设施成绩差,中国污染问题,尼泊尔等地老子基础设施毁损问题,当灾难攻击清晰提醒世界需要更多更好的基础设施时。基础设施是政府、机构如Continue Reading… p对齐='Center'##p>Perger在印度短缺,运输成本在非洲,美国基础设施成绩差,中国污染,尼泊尔等地老子基础设施毁损,当灾难攻击清晰提醒世界需要更多更好的基础设施时Infrastructure is the talk of governments, of bodies such as the G20 and international organizations including the World Bank, the OECD and the IMF.  The need is real and there is enough cash in global markets to make it happen.  Yet, private investment in infrastructure has fallen despite calls to ramp it up as a way to spur inclusive growth, productivity and job creation.  So, why isn't it happening and is help on the way?

  Experts estimate the shortfall in global infrastructure debt and equity investment to be at least US$ 1 trillion per year.  Governments (which typically fund  infrastructure) do not have the financial headroom, and infrastructure projects are complex to manage  and prone to corruption and failure.  That is especially true where competition and capacity are weak, and laws and regulations not geared to ensuring that such investments succeed over their life-cycle — a.k.a.公有风险预测基础建设投资关键因素。 没有私有资本和知识全球基础建设需求无法满足保险和养老基金投资不到80万亿美元的资产基础建设,主要在先进经济体私人投资者-包括养老基金、保险公司和主权财富基金等长期投资者-表示很难找到银行肯参加项目。命名s='ftnref1>>[1] 编程良好的项目小缺少适当的金融工具充分流动资金(例如项目保证金动员全球投资者;合同、减让、投标文件、程序及购买协议(例如:和关键基本成本回收和现金流动挑战困扰需要私人投资的部门。 数十亿人无法可靠地获取电力、净水和运输等基础服务投资无法实现而全球增长仍然缓慢和不均匀.

  公元2011年10月MDB基础建设g20工作组It focused on specific initiatives to unlock private funding with technical assistance and targeted financial support (including for regional projects) and to make multilateral banks procedures more amenable to public-private partnerships.  Key among its recommendations were the need to improve the transparency and success of infrastructure procurements and projects, including by ramping up the number of countries supported via the 2008 Construction Sector Transparency initiative (CoST) and launching the global Infrastructure Benchmarking Initiative (IBI) to assess the quality and performance of infrastructure spending.

  Building on this work, in the Fall of 2014, the G20 and the World Bank launched the Global Infrastructure Facility (GIF) with the support of major asset management and private equity, donor governments and other prominent multilateral institutions for a three-year pilot.其目的是通过由国际机构、政府和私人投资者组成的咨询理事会正式协作,以透明高效地编制和构建涉及公私伙伴关系的复杂项目下游2亿GIF共同融资资源设想一经上游工作启动后即告实现,GIF还预期确认并帮助改善法律、监管和体制条件,提供新的风险缓解和信用增强工具,帮助调动并最后确定一揽子融资It is to provide a comprehensive approach with operational activities in both Washington DC and Singapore to develop a diverse portfolio of projects with complexities that might otherwise deter investment, but with a high potential to leverage diverse investors and lasting development impacts.

  The G20 and their business advisors, the B20, also agreed in November 2014 to establish a Global Infrastructure Hub in Sydney, Australia to help advance the G20's infrastructure goals, including to drive increased consistency in project documents and processes, to promote more transparent procurement practices, to highlight global best practices and important challenges, to establish a data base to help match investors (including pension funds and insurance) with projects and to identify and encourage innovative financing models.框架还设想工作提供效率更高的基础设施项目评分,特别是在国家和区域背景中(例如:执法风险、政策和监管风险、交易费用、对应方风险)。

  OECD和世界银行还正在编写关键步骤和最佳做法联合清单G20/OECD大型项目分析政府和长期投资融资基于市场激励机制(例如美国正在讨论的基础设施新减税论坛的目的是审查各种选项和工具促进机构投资者参与基础设施项目,并侧重于新形式投资-例如:银行与机构投资者之间的伙伴关系和共投模型 — — 以及风险缓解机制框架。 目的是创建协议工具与激励框架促进基础设施开发资产类,以拉动私人资本The IMF and OECD will also continue work to ensure efficient sovereign debt sustainability and crisis management, which also is key to mobilizing infrastructure investment.

  Recognizing infrastructure as a critical need and an opportunity to build its global presence and prestige, China launched a new Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) in Beijing in October 2014.  Despite questions raised by the United States, Japan and others about the governance and efficiency of the AIIB, some 58 countries (including 18 European countries, most of the G20 and the majority of the Asian economies) have already signed up as founding members.  The World Bank and Asian Development Bank plan to work cooperatively with the AIIB, which is expected to be fully established this year with up to $100 billion in capital.  Although the United States has yet to sign on to the AIIB, President Obama said last week that he is "all for" the AIIB, if it maintains high standards and adopts best practices.  Japan, which also has yet to join, this week announced at the annual meetings of the Asian Development Bank an initiative on "quality infrastructure" investment, while the ADB also rolled out plans to streamline project approvals and increase flexibility to draw from various capital sources to finance regional infrastructure.

  This year will be critical to whether international efforts to assess creatively and de-risk, facilitate and co-finance private investment in much-needed infrastructure can begin to produce efficient investment and help to spur growth and job creation.  Like the so-called "natural resource curse", there is an infrastructure "curse" that also requires transparency, capacity and independent monitoring finally to unlock private investment./p>

  ##ftnref1命名>>##ftn1>>/a>Adrianblundell-Wignall和CarolineruletOECD 2015/p> >[2] 由非洲开发银行(非行)、亚洲开发银行(亚行)、欧洲投资银行(EIB)、泛美开发银行(IAB)、伊斯兰开发银行和世界银行集团(WBG)组成

  
  
  
  map