太阳产业一直处在生存危机中,这是威胁对很大一部分美国征收回溯未来关税所触发的导入物2022年4月1日启动危机时商务部启动调查以确定柬埔寨、马来西亚、泰国和越南的太阳能电池和模块是否绕过中国太阳能电池的反倾销税这些国家的太阳能电池大都占美国约80%2020年太阳模块导入量 。
While rarely invoked, section 318(a) was recently used by President Trump to reduce certain burdens on the importation of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic.[8] There are other examples of prior Administrations suspending imports tariffs under this provision.[9]
In addition to issuing the Declaration, President Biden invoked the Defense Production Act for solar cells and modules, as well as for: insulation, electric heat pumps, transformers (and electric grid components), electrolyzers, fuel cells, and platinum group metals.The White House indicated that the DPA Determination is intended to: accelerate domestic production of clean energy technologies, including solar panel parts and put the full power of federal procurement to work spurring additional domestic solar manufacturing capacity by directing the development of master supply agreements, including "super preference" status.[10]
The President's emergency action does not impact existing AD/CVD tariffs on imports of solar cells and modules from mainland China and Taiwan including such modules assembled in jurisdictions other than mainland China or Taiwan using cells from mainland China or Taiwan.
What Can We Expect from Commerce?
On the same day the Declaration was issued, Commerce issued a press release in which Secretary Raimondo indicated that Commerce "will issue regulations to temporarily permit for up to 24 months duty-free access to solar cells and modules from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam." The Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Enforcement and Compliance, Lisa Wang, who is responsible for AD/CVD determinations, similarly stated: "no solar cells or modules imported from Cambodia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam will be subject to new antidumping or countervailing duties during the period of the emergency."[11]
Commerce is expected to formalize the moratorium on these AD/CVD tariffs through a regulation.鉴于这一行动的紧急性质,商业界很可能在2022年8月29日初步判定日期前数日或数周发布这项条例而不通知和评论。
商业可能仍然发现柬埔寨、马来西亚、泰国和越南的太阳能电池和模块绕过AD和CVD订单,在这种情况下,关税估计在紧急段过期后开始应用。
Do这些行动解决美国危机太阳产业?
提供总统声明和商务声明,似乎极有可能在今后24个月内不向柬埔寨、马来西亚、泰国和越南的太阳能电池模块征收新的AD/CVD关税,无论规避调查结果如何宣言因此有可能产生关税可预测性,使美国太阳能产业需求继续输入太阳能电池模块太阳能电池生产者已经表示,他们正在考虑对暂停这些关税提出法律挑战上文指出,总统行动似乎与规约一致,法院通常在紧急情况下服从总统鉴此,这种法律挑战不太可能成功,而且由于通常需要时间提出这种挑战,也不太可能在商务8月初步判定前解决。太阳能产业在质疑AD/CVD收费的诉讼中,法院例行发布追溯性补救办法因此,在不大可能成功对《宣言》提出质疑的情况下,法院可追溯性地对太阳能电池和模块适用AD/CVD关税,特别是如果在任何诉讼未决期间采取程序步骤命令最终评估太阳能电池和模块关税。
在24个月紧急状态到期后进口关税水平方面比较不确定(或总统似乎不太可能结束紧急状态时更快)。商业发现规避后,从柬埔寨、马来西亚、泰国和越南等地对太阳能电池模块立即实施关税,目前尚不清楚该点可适用什么率。通常,外国出口商和生产者能够参加对AD/CVD指令的行政审查,以建立自己的公司特有收费率,而不是支付全局AD/CVD通用收费率,根据中国指令,总收费率约为250%(合并计算)。尚不清楚商务是否会允许东南亚国家出口商/生产商在紧急情况下参加评审,因为预计它们的商品在进口时不受关税约束。2024年中 假设紧急端太阳能产业发现极高AD/CVD收费威胁再次锐减美国太阳能电池和模块的供应市场
理解总统或商务对太阳能电池或对太阳能电池模块导入的潜在关税风险对贵公司很重要,Covington完全有条件提供帮助manbext网页版We have a group of attorneys who are well versed in these trade laws and have decades of experience helping clients navigate the tariff risks created by AD/CVD orders.
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If you have any questions concerning the material discussed, please contact the following members of our International Trade and Energy practices: Shara Aranoff, Alexander Chinoy, William Isasi, Andy Jack, and Jay Smith.
[1] Letter from Sen.海因里希森Lujan RepStansbury和Repfernández呼叫Biden总统(5月9日2022日)。
[4] White House, Declaration of Emergency and Authorization for Temporary Extensions of Time and Duty-Free Importation of Solar Cells and Modules from Southeast Asia (June 6, 2022).
[5] White House, Memorandum on Presidential Determination Pursuant to Section 303 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended, on Solar Photovoltaic Modules and Module Components (June 6, 2022).
[6] White House, Memorandum on Presidential Determination Pursuant to Section 303 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended, on Solar Photovoltaic Modules and Module Components (June 6, 2022) ("the Secretary shall consider taking appropriate action under section 1318(a) of title 19, United States Code . . . .").
[7] (empahsis added) While the text of this provision references the "Secretary of the Treasury," the notes clarify that the provision today applies to the Secretary of Commerce who is the official that administers U.S.AD/CVD法例.
Suniva请求超出现有反倾销反补贴税订单范围,因为请求的保障并不限于从特定国家进口取而代之的是,第201节下的补救措施如获批准,将具有全局性并会影响所有输入美国的太阳电池和模块,而不论其原产地如何。请求范围限于晶状硅光电电池模块明文排除相竞薄膜光电产品请求书还排除模块、叠片和板板使用美国制造的细胞制作到其他国家。
关于持续时间,Suniva请求ITC建议总统强制实施四年全球保障-最长法定时间请求减免是进口太阳能电池初始税率4.0瓦特,以及太阳能模块初始最小价0.78瓦特初步收费率在拟议的四年时间表中略微下降Reports suggest that under current market conditions, the price of imported solar modules would roughly double if Suniva's request were granted.
Section 201 Investigations
In a Section 201 investigation, the ITC must determine whether an article is being imported "in such increased quantities as to be a substantial cause of serious injury, or the threat thereof, to the domestic industry producing an article like or directly competitive with the imported article." If the ITC issues an affirmative injury determination, it recommends a remedy to the President, who ultimately decides what remedy, if any, will be imposed.
The ITC is currently reviewing Suniva's petition to determine whether it was "properly filed" in accordance with its rules.依据法规,请求书必须包含具体的辅助信息,包括导入数据、国内生产数据以及显示所称伤害的数据初始审查完成后,ITC将决定是否启动调查并发布决定通知Federal注册 .
/p>在审议对国内产业的伤害(或威胁伤害)期间,以及在随后任何补救阶段,都举行公开听证会。相关方和消费者, 包括代表消费者权益的任何协会, 都可出席、提交证据并交叉质询其他演讲者。伤害阶段必须在提交申请后120天内结束,万一确定为肯定伤害,ITC在补救阶段结束时向总统提交一份报告,其中载有调查结果和建议。报表必须在请愿提交后180天内提交 。
经济安全利益以及其他成文因素此外,跨行业集团必须向总统建议应采取的行动跨机构小组-由美国主持Trade Representative and including the Secretaries of Commerce, State, Agriculture, Labor, and the Treasury—will request public comments following an affirmative injury determination by the ITC.
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In his recently released 2017 Trade Policy Agenda, President Trump emphasized that the "safeguard" provisions of Section 201 "can be a vital tool for industries needing temporary relief from imports to become more competitive." While it remains to be seen what actions the Administration may take in response to the results of the ITC's Section 201 investigation, Suniva's petition appears designed to capitalize upon the Administration's stated interest in strictly enforcing U.S.贸易补救法, 增强国家制造基础, 保护家庭工作免损失视结果而定,受益者不仅可以包括Suniva,还可以包括与太阳能行业竞争的传统能源部门。