Most notably for consumers, the IRA provides clean vehicle tax credits of up to $7,500 for new vehicles, IRA § 13401, and up to $4,000 for used vehicles, § 13402. It also eliminates a 200,000 vehicles per manufacturer cap, that was barring some companies—such as Tesla, Toyota, and General Motors—from benefiting fully from electric-vehicle tax incentives. Id. § 13401.
High-income earners are barred from claiming both credits. For the new vehicles, the credit is limited to couples making less than $300,000, and individuals earning less than $150,000. For used vehicles, the limits are $150,000 for couples and $75,000 for individuals. The clean vehicle credit is limited by the actual retail price of the vehicle: it cannot be used to purchase vans, SUVs, or pick-up trucks retailing above $80,000 or any other vehicles retailing above $55,000.
The IRA also takes many steps to secure the American electric vehicle supply chain, and puts stringent eligibility limits based on where battery components are manufactured or the underlying critical minerals are processed or mined. For instance, the Clean Vehicle Credits can only be redeemed when the new vehicles meet certain critical mineral requirements. A percentage of the value of the critical minerals in the battery must be extracted or processed in countries with which the U.S.has either (1) a free trade agreement in effect, or (2) recycled in North America. In 2023, this percentage starts at 40% and rises 10% each year until 2027 at which point the percentage will remain steady at 80%. The IRA imposes similar requirements on battery components, allowing the Clean Vehicle Credit to be redeemed only when the percentage of the battery value of the components manufactured or assembled in North America meets a certain percentage, which starts at 50% in 2023, and increases 10% each year until reaching 100% in 2029. The IRA also bars any application of the Clean Vehicle Credit to cars with battery components or critical minerals sourced from a "foreign entity of concern," starting in 2024 and 2025 respectively. [1]
These restrictions are likely to prove problematic for critical minerals produced in China, and Sen.manchin < ahrfss/www.manchin.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/manchin-supports-万博体育app手机登录决策人劝阻公司在中国进一步投资并鼓励家庭生产。例如,上年末下院以压倒性
Recognizing the potential supply constraints caused by the battery and mineral sourcing limitations, the IRA also implements a variety of measures to promote domestic manufacturing of electric vehicles and battery supply chains. For instance, the Advanced Energy Project Credit, which provides investment tax credits for projects that equip or expand manufacturing facilities producing specified renewable energy equipment, is revised and expanded to encompass electric and hybrid vehicles production. IRA § 13501. The base credit is 6%, but an increase 30% rate is available if prevailing wage and apprenticeship requirements are met. Id. Additionally, the IRA makes a $1 billion investment in clean heavy-duty vehicles, IRA § 60101, provides $2 billion in grants to retool existing auto manufacturing facilities to manufacture clean vehicles, § 50143, and expands the Department of Energy's lending authorities under the Advanced Technology Vehicle Manufacturing ("ATVM") program, § 50142. In the past, the ATVM loan program has successfully catalyzed domestic electric vehicle production, most famously by supporting Tesla with a $465 million loan in January 2010. Finally, the IRA takes steps to decarbonize the federal government's own fleet of vehicles, providing up to $3 billion to electrify Postal Service delivery trucks. IRA § 70002.
If enacted, these measures are sure to reshape and define the electric vehicle landscape.
[1] Foreign Entity of Concern, is defined by reference to the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, 42 U.S.C.§1871和手段:外国实体国务大臣根据标题8第1189(a)节指定为外国恐怖主义组织列入财政部外国资产控制局维护的专用国民和阻塞者清单(通称SDN链表)受覆盖国外国政府拥有、控制或受管辖或指令约束(按标题10第2533cd节定义)D) 被总检察长指称参与活动,并依据-i第18章第37章(通称Espionage法)定罪951或1030标题18标题18第90章(通称1996年经济渗透法)武器出口管制法(22 U.S.C.2751等)1954年原子能法第224、225、226、227或236节2274 2275 2276 2277 和222842018年出口管制改革法(50 U.S.C.4801等)或国际紧急经济权法1701等)或(E)由秘书经与国防部长和国家情报局局长协商判定从事有损美国国家安全或外交政策的未经授权行为